How many layers should a good mattress have?

Quality mattresses typically have 3-5 distinct layers: a cover, comfort layer(s), transition layer, and support core. More layers don't automatically mean better—what matters is the quality of materials and how they work together. Some excellent mattresses have just 3 well-designed layers.

What's the ideal thickness for a comfort layer?

For most sleepers, comfort layers between 5-10cm (2-4 inches) work well. Side sleepers and those with pressure point issues benefit from thicker comfort layers (7-10cm), while stomach sleepers and those preferring firmer feels may want thinner layers (3-5cm) for better support.

Does foam density affect firmness?

No—density and firmness are different properties. Density (kg/m³) measures how much material is packed into the foam, affecting durability and quality. Firmness (ILD/IFD) measures how much force it takes to compress the foam. High-density foam can be soft, and low-density foam can be firm.

Are zoned support systems worth it?

Zoned systems—with firmer support under the hips and softer areas under shoulders—can significantly improve spinal alignment, especially for side and back sleepers. They're particularly valuable for heavier individuals or those with back pain. For lighter sleepers, the difference may be less noticeable.

How do I know if a mattress has quality foam?

Look for density specifications: memory foam should be 50+ kg/m³ (4+ PCF), polyfoam 35+ kg/m³ (2.2+ PCF). Reputable brands publish these figures. Avoid mattresses that only list 'high-density' without numbers—this is often marketing speak for lower-quality materials.

What's the difference between Dunlop and Talalay latex?

Dunlop latex is denser and firmer, made by pouring liquid latex into a mould and baking. Talalay undergoes additional vacuum and freezing steps, creating a lighter, more consistent feel with better airflow. Talalay is typically softer and more expensive; Dunlop is more durable and eco-friendly.

Why do some mattresses have so many layers?

Multiple layers allow manufacturers to fine-tune the feel—combining pressure relief, temperature regulation, transition support, and core stability. However, excessive layers can be marketing gimmicks. Focus on the primary comfort layer, transition layer, and support core quality rather than counting layers.

Understanding Mattress Layers

What's inside your mattress matters more than the brand name on the label. Understanding how comfort layers, transition foams, and support cores work together helps you cut through marketing jargon and choose a mattress that genuinely suits your sleep needs—and lasts.

The Anatomy of a Mattress

Cover / Ticking

The outer fabric layer. Look for breathable materials like cotton, Tencel, or wool blends. Quilted covers add softness; stretch knits enhance contouring.

Comfort Layer(s)

The top foam layers you feel most directly. Provides cushioning, pressure relief, and initial softness. Usually memory foam, latex, or soft polyfoam. Thickness: 3-10cm.

Transition Layer

A medium-firm layer between comfort and support. Prevents you from "bottoming out" into the firm core. Often firmer polyfoam or latex. Thickness: 2-5cm.

Support Core

The foundation providing structural support and spinal alignment. Either high-density foam (all-foam mattresses) or pocket springs/coils (hybrids/innersprings). Usually 15-20cm thick.

From sleep surface to base

Comfort vs Support: What's the Difference?

These terms are often confused, but understanding the distinction is crucial for choosing the right mattress:

Comfort

What you feel when you first lie down. Comfort layers cushion pressure points (shoulders, hips, knees) and determine the initial soft or firm sensation.

• Affects pressure relief
• Creates the "feel" of the mattress
• Located in top 5-10cm
• Softer materials (memory foam, soft latex)

Support

How the mattress maintains spinal alignment throughout the night. Support comes from the core and prevents sagging in heavier body areas.

• Keeps spine neutrally aligned
• Prevents excessive sinking
• Located in bottom 15-20cm
• Firmer materials (springs, HD foam)

Key Insight: A mattress can feel soft (high comfort) while still being supportive, and vice versa. Many people mistakenly believe "firm = supportive"—but a too-firm mattress can actually create pressure points and misalignment. The best mattresses balance both.

Foam Types Explained

Understanding foam types helps you decode mattress specifications and compare quality:

Memory Foam (Viscoelastic)

Conforms closely to body shape, excellent pressure relief. Temperature-sensitive—softens with heat.

Pros

✓Superior pressure relief
✓Motion isolation
✓Contouring support

Cons

✗Can sleep hot
✗Slower response time
✗Initial off-gassing odour

Density: Higher density (50-80 kg/m³) = more durable and supportive

Best for: Side sleepers, couples, those with joint pain

Latex (Natural or Synthetic)

Bouncy, responsive foam made from rubber tree sap (natural) or petroleum (synthetic). Naturally cooling.

Pros

✓Naturally breathable
✓Durable (12-15 years)
✓Responsive bounce
✓Hypoallergenic

Cons

✗More expensive
✗Heavier to move
✗Less contouring than memory foam

Density: Measured in ILD (Indentation Load Deflection): 14-19 soft, 20-29 medium, 30+ firm

Best for: Hot sleepers, eco-conscious buyers, those wanting bounce

Polyfoam (Polyurethane)

Versatile, affordable foam used in comfort and transition layers. Quality varies significantly.

Pros

✓Cost-effective
✓Lightweight
✓Good base layer support

Cons

✗Lower grades wear quickly
✗Can off-gas
✗Less pressure relief than memory foam

Density: Look for 30+ kg/m³ for durability; avoid anything under 25 kg/m³

Best for: Budget mattresses, transition layers, support foam

Gel-Infused Foam

Memory or polyfoam infused with gel beads or swirled gel for temperature regulation.

Pros

✓Cooler than standard memory foam
✓Good pressure relief
✓Maintains contouring

Cons

✗Cooling effect diminishes over time
✗Marketing can exaggerate benefits

Density: Same as base foam type—gel is an additive, not a replacement

Best for: Hot sleepers who want memory foam feel

Spring & Coil Systems

For hybrid and innerspring mattresses, the coil system forms the support core. Here's how different types compare:

Coil Type	Support	Durability	Motion Isolation
Bonnell Coils Hourglass-shaped interconnected springs. Traditional, affordable, but transfers motion.	Firm, uniform support	3-5 years	Poor isolation
Offset Coils Hinged design that contours better than Bonnell. Quieter with less motion transfer.	Good contouring	5-7 years	Moderate isolation
Continuous Coils Single wire formed into rows. Very durable but transfers motion across the surface.	Consistent, firm	7-10 years	Poor isolation
Pocket Springs (Marshall Coils) Individual springs wrapped in fabric pockets. Gold standard for hybrids and premium innersprings.	Targeted, zoned support	8-12 years	Excellent isolation

Coil Count: Higher isn't always better. A 1000-coil mattress with quality steel can outperform a 2000-coil mattress with thin wire. Focus on coil gauge (thickness) and type over raw count. Look for 12-14 gauge coils for durability.

Decoding Foam Density

Foam density is measured in kg/m³ (or PCF in the US). Higher density generally means better durability and support, but not necessarily firmer feel:

Low Density

< 40 kg/m³

Budget foams. May indent within 2-3 years. Acceptable for transition layers but avoid in comfort layers.

Medium Density

40-60 kg/m³

Good quality. Should last 5-7 years. Standard for mid-range mattresses and decent memory foam.

High Density

> 60 kg/m³

Premium quality. Lasts 8-10+ years. Found in high-end memory foam and support layers.

What to Look For in Quality Construction

✓

Published Foam Densities

Reputable brands list specific densities (e.g., "55 kg/m³ memory foam"). Vague terms like "high-density" without numbers are red flags.

✓

Clear Layer Descriptions

Look for specifications showing each layer's material, thickness, and purpose. Avoid mattresses with vague "proprietary foam" claims.

✓

Appropriate Total Height

Most adults do well with 25-30cm mattresses. Under 20cm may lack adequate support; over 35cm is often unnecessary padding.

✓

Certifications

Look for CertiPUR-US (foam safety), OEKO-TEX (textile safety), or GOLS/GOTS (organic latex/textiles). These indicate quality standards.

Considerations for Irish Buyers

Temperature Regulation

Ireland's cooler bedrooms mean overheating is less common than in warmer climates. Standard memory foam often works well here without needing expensive cooling gels. However, if you naturally sleep hot, consider latex or pocket spring hybrids for better airflow.

Humidity & Materials

Ireland's damp climate makes breathable materials more important. Natural latex and pocket springs allow better airflow than solid foam blocks. If choosing an all-foam mattress, ensure it has ventilation channels or open-cell foam structure.

Frequently Asked Questions

The Bottom Line

Understanding mattress layers gives you the knowledge to see past marketing hype. When comparing mattresses, focus on:

Comfort layer quality: Memory foam 50+ kg/m³, latex with clear ILD ratings
Support core construction: Pocket springs for hybrids, high-density foam (40+ kg/m³) for all-foam
Total balance: Adequate comfort for pressure relief, firm support core for alignment
Transparency: Brands that publish specifications are usually more trustworthy